Civil Service Supervisor Exam 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

Utilitarianism is fundamentally based on the principle that actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. This ethical theory, which has roots in the works of philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, emphasizes the overall well-being of society rather than any single individual’s interests. By prioritizing collective happiness and welfare, utilitarianism encourages actions that benefit the majority, ensuring that decisions are made with a focus on maximizing positive outcomes for the community as a whole.

In contrast, the emphasis on individual happiness is more closely aligned with subjective ethical viewpoints that may not account for the broader societal impact—hence it does not capture the essence of utilitarian thought. Similarly, the notion of government control over resources does not directly relate to utilitarian principles, which can apply to both individual decision-making and macro-level governance. Lastly, prioritizing social equality over personal freedom might impede the fundamental goal of maximizing happiness, as it could potentially restrict individual choices and lead to dissatisfaction, thus conflicting with utilitarian ideals.